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Cancer is a disorder of cell life cycle alteration that leads (non-trivially) to excessive cell proliferation rates, typically longer cell lifespans and poor differentiation. The grade score (numerical: G1 up to G4) increases with the lack of cellular differentiation - it reflects how much the tumor cells differ from the cells of the normal ...
G (1–4): the grade of the cancer cells (i.e. they are "low grade" if they appear similar to normal cells, and "high grade" if they appear poorly differentiated) S (0–3): elevation of serum tumor markers; R (0–2): the completeness of the operation (resection-boundaries free of cancer cells or not) Pn (0–1): invasion into adjunct nerves
Presence of small cells with round nuclei and scant cytoplasm with a diffuse solid pattern; Round or oval nests (insulae) or in trabeculae. Solid growth and presence of microfollicles, some of which contain dense colloid. Extrathyroidal extension and blood vessel invasion; Foci of necrosis, Larger than 5 cm in greatest diameter at diagnosis
The grading of a cancer in the breast depends on the microscopic similarity of breast cancer cells to normal breast tissue, and classifies the cancer as well differentiated (low-grade), moderately differentiated (intermediate-grade), and poorly differentiated (high-grade), reflecting progressively less normal appearing cells that have a ...
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), also termed pleomorphic myofibrosarcoma, [1] high-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, and high-grade myofibrosarcoma, [2] is characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a rare, poorly differentiated neoplasm (i.e., an abnormal growth of cells that have an unclear identity and/or cell of origin). [3]
The majority of cancers of unknown primary, about 90%, are adenocarcinomas, with 60% appearing as moderately to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, while about 30% are poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The term adenocarcinoma refers to cancer that begins in the cells in glandular structures in the lining or covering of certain organs in the ...
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