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The later sixteenth-century poet Edmund Spenser wrote his Hymn of Heavenly Beauty using rhyme royal, but he also created his own Spenserian stanza, rhyming ABABBCBCC, partly by adapting rhyme royal. The Spenserian stanza varies from iambic pentameter in its final line, which is a line of iambic hexameter, or in other words an English alexandrine .
In Persian, Turkic, and Urdu ghazals, the qāfiya (from Arabic قافية qāfiya, lit. ' rhyme '; Persian: قافیہ; Azerbaijani: qafiyə; Urdu: قافیہ; Uzbek: qofiya) is the rhyming pattern of words that must directly precede the radif. [1] [2] The qāfiya is the actual rhyme of the ghazal. [3]
In Eastern Europe, English stanzaic forms were not at first very popular, these countries being too far from England's literary influence. Neither rhyme royal nor the Spenserian stanza occurred frequently. English rhyme schemes remained unknown until the early 19th century, when Lord Byron's poems gained enormous popularity.
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The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye (or Libel of English Policy) is a fifteenth-century poem written in English.The work exists in two redactions: the first was composed after the siege of Calais in 1436 but before the end of 1438, and a second edition of the work before June 1441.
The poem only has the guise of a love poem, but instead is about the more universal theme, fortune (39). Smaller questions are posed by the words Wyatt uses such as "stalking," which has transformed in meaning over time from simple soft walking in Tudor times (23) to its meaning today, of following someone with the intention of doing them harm. [8]
The Chant Royal is a poetic form that is a variation of the ballad form and consists of five eleven-line stanzas with a rhyme scheme ababccddedE and a five-line envoi rhyming ddedE or a seven-line envoi ccddedE (capital letters indicate lines repeated verbatim). To add to the complexity, no rhyming word is used twice.
A modern translation can be found in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles translated by G.N. Garmonsway. Seth Lerer has published a more recent modern translation of "The Rime of King William" in his article, "Old English and Its Afterlife," in The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature.