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Natural selection is the ... Richard Lenski's classic E. coli long-term evolution experiment is an example of ... is the normal state of the animal ...
Unwittingly, humans have carried out evolution experiments for as long as they have been domesticating plants and animals. Selective breeding of plants and animals has led to varieties that differ dramatically from their original wild-type ancestors. Examples are the cabbage varieties, maize, or the large number of different dog breeds.
Animal coloration, readily observable, soon provided strong and independent lines of evidence, from camouflage, mimicry and aposematism, that natural selection was indeed at work. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The historian of science Peter J. Bowler wrote that Darwin's theory "was also extended to the broader topics of protective resemblances and mimicry ...
The development and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria provides evidence that evolution due to natural selection is an ongoing process in the natural world. Natural selection is ubiquitous in all research pertaining to evolution, taking note of the fact that all of the following examples in each section of the article document the process.
In both natural and artificial selection the variations are a result of random mutations, and the underlying genetic processes are essentially the same. [66] Darwin carefully observed the outcomes of artificial selection in animals and plants to form many of his arguments in support of natural selection. [67]
Selection against hybrids can sometimes (it is possible that nonecological speciation can be attributed) be considered a form of ecological isolation if it originates from an ecological mechanism. [4] For example, the hybrid offspring may be seen as "less attractive" to mates due to intermediate sexual displays or differences in sexual ...
Natural selection can act on specific alleles both directly or indirectly. [ 29 ] [ 22 ] [ 34 ] In direct selection, the frequency of the selected allele is favored to the extreme. In cases where an allele is indirectly selected, its frequency increases due to a different linked allele experiencing selection ( linkage disequilibrium ).
The idea of a green-beard gene was proposed by William D. Hamilton in his articles of 1964, [1] [2] and got the name from the example used by Richard Dawkins ("I have a green beard and I will be altruistic to anyone else with green beard") in The Selfish Gene (1976).
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