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Ibn Saud (seated) with his sons Prince Faisal (left) and Prince Saud in the early 1950s Ibn Saud (seated left) with his brother-in-law Mubarak Al Sabah [67] in Kuwait, 1910. Ibn Saud was very tall for a Saudi man of his time, [68] his height reported as between 1.85 (6 ft 1 in) [69] [70] and 1.88 (6 ft 2 in). [71]
Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin Al Saud (Arabic: محمد بن سعود آل مقرن, romanized: Muḥammad bin Suʿūd Āl Muqrin; 1687–1765), also known as Ibn Saud, was the emir of Diriyah and is considered the founder of the First Saudi State and the Saud dynasty, named after his father, Saud bin Muhammad Al Muqrin. [1]
On 5 June 1924 at a meeting of the Assembly of Notables in Riyadh, all present urged Ibn Saud to declare jihad on the Sharif for Mecca for his blasphemy in proclaiming himself caliph. [5] Ibn Saud ruled it would be wrong to invade the Hejaz during the pilgrimage season and to wait until the pilgrims to Mecca had finished the haji. [5]
The Shia religious community leaders of al-Hasa negotiated a surrender and recognition of the Saudi political authority in exchange for leniency and religious freedom, which was granted at the time by Ibn Saud. [1] The Ottomans swiftly acknowledged the loss of al-Hasa, and recognized al-Hasa and Nejd as being under the rule of Ibn Saud. [2]
From 1927 to 1932, Ibn Saud administered the two main portions of his realm, Nejd and the Hejaz, as separate units. On 23 September 1932, Ibn Saud proclaimed the union of his dominions into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ibn Saud's eldest son Saud became crown prince in 1933. [40]
The battle of Turaba was a turning point in the conflict, placing Sharif Husayn in a very weak position against Ibn Saud. In early July 1919, Ibn Saud himself arrived to Turaba with an army of 10,000 men, ready to advance on Hejaz. On July 4, however, a British ultimatum arrived to the Saudis, demanding to stop the campaign and return the Nejd.
After the fall of the city of Ta'if to Ibn Saud in September 1924, King Hussein bin Ali fled from Mecca to Jeddah on 6 October 1924 on the advice of Hejazi notables and declared his son Ali bin Hussein the King of Hejaz. From Jeddah, Hussein was transported by the British to Aqaba by boat and later to Cyprus.
Ibn Sa'd was born in 784/785 CE (168 AH) [5] and died on 16 February 845 CE (230 AH). [5] Ibn Sa'd was from Basra, [1] but lived mostly in Baghdad, hence the nisba al-Basri and al-Baghdadi respectively. He is said to have died at the age of 62 in Baghdad and was buried in the cemetery of the Syrian gate. [6]