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Urim (אוּרִים ) traditionally has been taken to derive from a root meaning "lights"; these derivations are reflected in the Neqqudot of the Masoretic Text. [3] In consequence, Urim and Thummim has traditionally been translated as "lights and perfections" (by Theodotion, for example), or, by taking the phrase allegorically, as meaning "revelation and truth" or "doctrine and truth."
The earliest source that expands the term "Urim and Thummim" outside the biblical context is a reverse association William W. Phelps made on Hosea 3:4 in July 1832, stating that the children of Israel "were even to do without the Teraphim, [Urim & Thummim, perhaps] or sacred spectacles or declarers."
Sometime after 1828, Smith and his early contemporaries began to use the terms "seer stone" and "Urim and Thummim" interchangeably, referring to Smith's brown stone as a "Urim and Thummim." [38] [39] D. Michael Quinn argues Smith eventually began using "biblical terminology to mainstream an instrument and practice of folk magic...
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The term "oracle" is also applied in modern English to parallel institutions of divination in other cultures. Specifically, it is used in the context of Christianity for the concept of divine revelation, and in the context of Judaism for the Urim and Thummim breastplate, and in general any utterance considered prophetic. [33]
The Second Temple lacked various holy articles, including the Ark of the Covenant [6] [10] containing the Tablets of Stone, before which were placed the pot of manna and Aaron's rod, [10] the Urim and Thummim [6] [10] (divination objects contained in the Hoshen), the holy oil [10] and the sacred fire.
The Hebrew words Urim and Thummim are used due to a belief among scholars at the time that "Light and Truth" was an adequate translation for these words. [ 2 ] According to the Hebrew Bible, the priests used tools called the Urim and Thummim to discern the will of God.
Urim and Thummim" (Hebrew: האורים והתומים) is a phrase found in the Hebrew Bible. Urim may also refer to: Ur, an ancient Sumerian city-state; Urim, Iran; Urim, Israel; Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints) Urim language, spoken in Papua New Guinea; Urim Publications, an Israeli Jewish publisher