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The work of scribes can involve copying manuscripts and other texts as well as secretarial and administrative duties such as the taking of dictation and keeping of business, judicial, and historical records for kings, nobles, temples, and cities. The profession of scribe first appears in Mesopotamia.
the Papyrus of Ani, or scribe Ani (a Book of the Dead) Chancellor Bay: for Siptah: started as "scribe and butler" A life of 'king's servant' and many duties; ordered killed before Siptah dies (in 1 year) a foreigner, and not buried in the tomb he had overseen (1 of 3) General Djehuty: important general for Thutmosis III: many titles Royal ...
A scrivener (or scribe) was a person who, before the advent of compulsory education, could read and write or who wrote letters as well as court and legal documents. Scriveners were people who made their living by writing or copying written material.
The letter gives examples of what a scribe was supposed to be able to do: calculating the number of rations which have to be doled out to a certain number of soldiers digging a lake, or the quantity of bricks needed to erect a ramp of given dimensions, [3] assessing the number of men needed to move an obelisk or erect a statue, and organizing the supply of provisions for an army. [4]
The word scriba might also refer to a man who was a private secretary, but should be distinguished from a copyist (who might be called a "scribe" in English) or bookseller (librarius). [3] In Rome the scribae worked out of the aerarium, the state treasury and government archive. They received a good salary, but could earn additional commissions ...
Sarcophagus relief of Valerius Petronianus, with his slave holding writing tablets (4th century AD). In ancient Rome, an amanuensis (Latin āmanuēnsis, “secretary”, from ab-, “from” + manus, “hand” [5]) was a slave or freedperson who provided literary and secretarial services such as taking dictation and perhaps assisting in composition.
[35] As this implies, the labor required of a scribe was comparable to the exertion of agriculture and other outdoor work. Another of Montalembert's examples is of a scribal note along these lines: "He who does not know how to write imagines it to be no labour, but although these fingers only hold the pen, the whole body grows weary." [36]
An experienced scribe would write one section of the text and the beginning of the next one. The scribe in training would pick up where his teacher left off and complete the unfinished verse. This was a test of both memory and writing. [9] The Satire was among the most copied texts in Theban scribal schools during the Twentieth Dynasty (1189 ...