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Augustine of Hippo (/ ɔː ˈ ɡ ʌ s t ɪ n / aw-GUST-in, US also / ˈ ɔː ɡ ə s t iː n / AW-gə-steen; [22] Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), [23] also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa.
Augustinianism is the philosophical and theological system of Augustine of Hippo and its subsequent development by other thinkers, notably Boethius, Anselm of Canterbury and Bonaventure. [1] [2] [3] Among Augustine's most important works are The City of God, De doctrina Christiana, and Confessions.
The book presents human history as a conflict between what Augustine calls the Earthly City (often colloquially referred to as the City of Man, and mentioned once on page 644, chapter 1 of book 15) and the City of God, a conflict that is destined to end in victory for the latter. The City of God is marked by people who forgo earthly pleasure to ...
Augustine proposed that evil could not exist within God, nor be created by God, and is instead a by-product of God's creativity. [13] He rejected the notion that evil exists in itself, proposing instead that it is a privation of (or falling away from) good, and a corruption of nature. [ 5 ]
Augustine then expanded this concept from infants to adults. Since babies have no "will" to desire their baptisms, Augustine expanded the implication to all humans. [47] [48] He concluded that God must predestine by predeterminism all humans prior to them making any choice. Although earlier Christians taught original sin, the concept of total ...
Augustine claims there are seven steps to wisdom in interpretation of the Scriptures: fear of God, holiness and faith, scientia (or knowledge), strength, good counsel, purity of heart, and then wisdom. He also distinguishes "truth" from "logic", and argues that logic can lead to falsehood. He declares that it is better to have truth than logic.
In order to prove that free will is a good gift, Augustine sets out to prove that it was given by God, and the first stage of this argument requires him to prove that God exists (ch. I–II). Anticipating the cogito ergo sum of Descartes , [ 3 ] Augustine begins by establishing the existence of the self as a fact that cannot be logically doubted.
Manuscript of Augustine's letter from the 13th century. De videndo Deo (lit. ' On Seeing God ') is an epistle written by Augustine of Hippo regarding whether God can be physically perceived. [1] It is designated epistle 147 in the Augustinus-Lexikon. [2] The letter is addressed to Paulina, the wife of Armentarius, [3] and it has 54 chapters. It ...