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Culture-historical archaeology is an archaeological theory that emphasises defining historical societies into distinct ethnic and cultural groupings according to their material culture. It originated in the late nineteenth century as cultural evolutionism began to fall out of favor with many antiquarians and archaeologists.
Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record).
Historical archaeology is a form of archaeology dealing with places, things, and issues from the past or present when written records and oral traditions can inform and contextualize cultural material. These records can both complement and conflict with the archaeological evidence found at a particular site.
Processualists, and other subsequently critics of cultural-historical archaeology argued that archaeological culture treated culture as "just a rag-tag assemblage of ideas." [13] Archaeological culture is presently useful for sorting and assembling artifacts, especially in European archaeology that often falls towards culture-historical ...
One of the most enduring classifications of archaeological periods and cultures was established in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book, Method and Theory in American Archaeology. They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into five phases, only three of which applied to North America. [ 1 ]
The delivery of public benefits through archaeology can be summarised as follows: through making a contribution to a shared history, [135] artistic and cultural treasures, local values, place-making and social cohesion, educational benefits, contribution to science and innovation, health and wellbeing, and added economic value to developers.
It incorporates Cultural Heritage Management which is concerned with traditional and historic culture. It also delves into the material culture of archaeology . Cultural resource management encompasses current culture, including progressive and innovative culture, such as urban culture , rather than simply preserving and presenting traditional ...
Cultural-historical (or "historical particularism," "national archaeology") archaeology (c. 1860 - present) [ edit ] Developments in the 19th century with Hutton and Lyell 's theory of uniformitarianism and Darwin 's theory of natural selection set the stage for the modern scientific investigation into the origin of humanity.