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Medications to treat the toxic effects include: intravenous fluids, calcium gluconate, glucagon, high dose insulin, vasopressors and lipid emulsion. [1] [2] Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may also be an option. [1] More than ten thousand cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity were reported in the United States in 2010. [2]
10% calcium gluconate solution (given intravenously) is the form of calcium most widely used in the treatment of low blood calcium.This form of calcium is not as well absorbed as calcium lactate, [12] and it only contains 0.93% (93 mg/dL) calcium ion (defined by 1 g weight solute in 100 mL of solution to make 1% solution w/v).
Adenosine receptor agonist poisoning Antimuscarinic drugs (e.g. Atropine) Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, nerve agents, some poison mushrooms: Beta blocker: Theophylline: Calcium chloride [7] Calcium channel blocker toxicity, [7] black widow spider bites Calcium gluconate [7] Calcium channel blocker toxicity, [7] hydrofluoric acid burns
Intravenous calcium gluconate (or calcium chloride if a central line is available) and atropine are first-line therapies. If the time of the overdose is known and presentation is within two hours of ingestion , activated charcoal , gastric lavage , and polyethylene glycol may be used to decontaminate the gut.
Calcium (calcium chloride or calcium gluconate) increases threshold potential through a mechanism that is still unclear, thus restoring normal gradient between threshold potential and resting membrane potential, which is elevated abnormally in hyperkalemia. A standard ampule of 10% calcium chloride is 10 mL and contains 6.8 mmol of
Calcium gluconate cream is then usually applied. [1] If pain continues calcium gluconate can be injected into the affected area or given by injection into a vein or artery. [2] Surgical removal of the affected tissue may be required. [2] The calcium gluconate is a source of Ca 2+ that sequesters the fluoride ions. Other special rinsing ...
“This antidote will limit damage from gas poisoning caused by sudden fires and can be tested for the treatment of various symptoms caused by gas poisoning,” study co-author Hiroaki Kitagishi ...
Dimercaprol has long been the mainstay of chelation therapy for lead or arsenic poisoning, [7] and it is an essential drug. [6] It is also used as an antidote to the chemical weapon Lewisite. Nonetheless, because it can have serious adverse effects, researchers have also pursued development of less toxic analogues, [7] such as succimer.