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  2. Phase (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(waves)

    Conversely, a phase reversal or phase inversion implies a 180-degree phase shift. [ 2 ] When the phase difference φ ( t ) {\displaystyle \varphi (t)} is a quarter of turn (a right angle, +90° = π/2 or −90° = 270° = −π/2 = 3π/2 ), sinusoidal signals are sometimes said to be in quadrature , e.g., in-phase and quadrature components of a ...

  3. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    A formula for computing the trigonometric identities for the one-third angle exists, but it requires finding the zeroes of the cubic equation 4x 3 − 3x + d = 0, where is the value of the cosine function at the one-third angle and d is the known value of the cosine function at the full angle.

  4. In-phase and quadrature components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-phase_and_quadrature...

    Similarly in trigonometry, the angle sum identity expresses: sin(x + φ) = sin(x) cos(φ) + sin(x + π /2) sin(φ). And in functional analysis, when x is a linear function of some variable, such as time, these components are sinusoids, and they are orthogonal functions. A phase-shift of x → x + π /2 changes the identity to:

  5. Lissajous curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissajous_curve

    In this particular example, because the output is 90 degrees out of phase from the input, the Lissajous curve is a circle, and is rotating counterclockwise. When the input to an LTI system is sinusoidal, the output is sinusoidal with the same frequency, but it may have a different amplitude and some phase shift .

  6. Phase-shift oscillator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_oscillator

    A phase-shift oscillator is a linear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a sine wave output. It consists of an inverting amplifier element such as a transistor or op amp with its output fed back to its input through a phase-shift network consisting of resistors and capacitors in a ladder network .

  7. All-pass filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-pass_filter

    The lattice phase equaliser, or filter, is a filter composed of lattice, or X-sections. With single element branches it can produce a phase shift up to 180°, and with resonant branches it can produce phase shifts up to 360°. The filter is an example of a constant-resistance network (i.e., its image impedance is constant over all frequencies).

  8. Leading and lagging current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_and_Lagging_Current

    Angle notation can easily describe leading and lagging current: . [1] In this equation, the value of theta is the important factor for leading and lagging current. As mentioned in the introduction above, leading or lagging current represents a time shift between the current and voltage sine curves, which is represented by the angle by which the curve is ahead or behind of where it would be ...

  9. Phase response curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_response_curve

    A phase response curve (PRC) illustrates the transient change (phase response) in the cycle period of an oscillation induced by a perturbation as a function of the phase at which it is received. PRCs are used in various fields; examples of biological oscillations are the heartbeat, circadian rhythms , and the regular, repetitive firing observed ...