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The most common active ingredient of spermicides is nonoxynol-9. Spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 are available in many forms, such as jelly (gel), films, and foams. Used alone, spermicides have a perfect use failure rate of 6% per year when used correctly and consistently, and 16% failure rate per year in typical use. [1]
Medieval contraception is a debated topic among historians, though methods of contraception have been developed not just in modern times. In ancient times, women attempted to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy with various means and practices, as evidenced by ancient records.
The first permanent birth control clinic was established in Britain in 1921 by the birth control campaigner Marie Stopes, in collaboration with the Malthusian League. Stopes, who exchanged ideas with Sanger, [ 49 ] wrote her book Married Love on birth control in 1918; - it was eventually published privately due to its controversial nature. [ 50 ]
With typical use, first-year failure rates are considerably higher, at 9%, due to inconsistent use. [24] Other methods such as condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides have higher first-year failure rates even with perfect usage. [30] The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends long acting reversible birth control as first line for young ...
The first birth control clinic in the United States was opened in 1917 by Margaret Sanger, which was against the law at the time. [18] By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. [ 19 ]
The history of condoms goes back at least several centuries, and perhaps beyond. For most of their history, condoms have been used both as a method of birth control , and as a protective measure against sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis , gonorrhea , chlamydia , hepatitis B and more recently HIV/AIDS .
For this reason, some advocate use of lactic acid or lemon juice based spermicides, which might have fewer side effects. [24] In the early 1920s, Marie Stopes claimed that when wearing a diaphragm, the vagina is stretched such that certain movements made by the woman for the benefit of the man were restricted by the diaphragm spring. In later ...
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