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  2. Corundum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corundum

    Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. [3] [4] It is a rock-forming mineral.It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the presence of transition metal impurities in its crystalline structure. [7]

  3. Aluminium oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxide

    Aluminium oxide is used for its hardness and strength. Its naturally occurring form, corundum, is a 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness (just below diamond). It is widely used as an abrasive, including as a much less expensive substitute for industrial diamond. Many types of sandpaper use aluminium oxide crystals.

  4. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B. Actinolite. ... Corundum. Ruby (var.) Sapphire (var.) Padparadscha; Golden ...

  5. Sapphire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire

    It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. Red corundum stones also occur, but are called rubies rather than sapphires. [3] Pink-colored corundum may be classified either as ruby or sapphire depending on the locale.

  6. Emery (rock) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emery_(rock)

    The corundum is blue, or sapphire. Wet slab, 10 cm (3.9 in) wide. Emery, or corundite, is a dark granular rock used to make an abrasive powder. The rock largely consists of corundum (aluminium oxide), mixed with other minerals. Industrial emery may contain a variety of other minerals and synthetic compounds.

  7. Ruby - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby

    Ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [3]

  8. Corundum (structure) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corundum_(structure)

    Corundum is the name for a structure prototype in inorganic solids, derived from the namesake polymorph of aluminum oxide (α-Al 2 O 3). [1] Other compounds, especially among the inorganic solids, exist in corundum structure, either in ambient or other conditions.

  9. Portal:Minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Minerals

    It is commonly used as an abrasive on sandpaper and on large tools used in machining metals, plastics, and wood. Emery, a variety of corundum with no value as a gemstone, is commonly used as an abrasive. It is a black granular form of corundum, in which the mineral is intimately mixed with magnetite, hematite, or hercynite.