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The gray fox ranges from 76 to 112.5 cm (29.9 to 44.3 in) in total length. The tail measures 27.5 to 44.3 cm (10.8 to 17.4 in) of that length and its hind feet measure 100 to 150 mm (3.9 to 5.9 in). The gray fox typically weighs 3.6 to 7 kg (7.9 to 15.4 lb), though exceptionally large individuals can weigh as much as 9 kg (20 lb).
[12] [14] [15] With fruit, the flying fox prefers the pulp, and slices open the rind to get it. [15] With durian tree flowers, the flying fox can lick up the nectar without doing apparent damage to the flower. [4] The large flying fox is a host of the Acanthocephalan intestinal parasite Moniliformis convolutus. [16]
Juvenile red foxes are known as kits. Males are called tods or dogs, females are called vixens, and young are known as cubs or kits. [14] Although the Arctic fox has a small native population in northern Scandinavia, and while the corsac fox's range extends into European Russia, the red fox is the only fox native to Western Europe, and so is simply called "the fox" in colloquial British English.
Flying fox species vary in body weight, ranging from 120–1,600 g (0.26–3.53 lb). Across all species, males are usually larger than females. [11] The large flying fox has the longest forearm length and reported wingspan of any bat species, [3] but some bat species exceed it in weight.
The red fox, Ruppell's fox, and Tibetan sand fox possess white-tipped tails. [23] The Arctic fox's tail-tip is of the same color as the rest of the tail (white or blue-gray). [24] Blanford's fox usually possesses a black-tipped tail, but a small number of specimens (2% in Israel, 24% in the United Arab Emirates) possess a light-tipped tail. [23]
The fur measures about two and one-half inches in length. It is used mainly for muffs and neck, shoulder pieces. [4] The trapping of fishers is restricted in many States leading to it becoming a more uncommon type of fur in comparison to the mink. Fisher fur is more durable and water resistant than other types of fur such as fox. [7]
The average species weight is between 1.6 and 2.7 kg (3.5 and 6.0 lb). The body length is 455 to 535 mm (17.9 to 21.1 in), with a long tail (about 40% of total length), adding another 260–323 mm (10.2–12.7 in). [11] The color and texture of the coat vary geographically. In general, the dorsal color is grizzled or yellowish-gray.
The skull is oval-shaped and the greatest length of the skull is 71–75.6 mm (2.80–2.98 in). The orbital rim of the skull is incomplete. [21] The ears lack a tragus or antitragus and are ringed, and the ears range in length from 35–40 mm (1.4–1.6 in) in length. [20] The dental formula is 3.1.4.2 2.1.4.3.