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The contact area depends on the geometry of the contacting bodies, the load, and the material properties. The contact area between the two parallel cylinders is a narrow rectangle. Two, non-parallel cylinders have an elliptical contact area, unless the cylinders are crossed at 90 degrees, in which case they have a circular contact area.
Contact between two spheres Contact between two crossed cylinders of equal radius For contact between two spheres of radii R 1 {\displaystyle R_{1}} and R 2 {\displaystyle R_{2}} , the area of contact is a circle of radius a {\displaystyle a} .
Rolling contact between a cylinder and a plane. Particles moving through the contact area from right to left, being strained more and more until local sliding sets in. Rolling contact problems are dynamic problems in which the contacting bodies are continuously moving with respect to each other.
Bearing pressure is a particular case of contact mechanics often occurring in cases where a convex surface (male cylinder or sphere) contacts a concave surface (female cylinder or sphere: bore or hemispherical cup). Excessive contact pressure can lead to a typical bearing failure such as a plastic deformation similar to peening.
A temperature drop is observed at the interface between the two surfaces in contact. This phenomenon is said to be a result of a thermal contact resistance existing between the contacting surfaces. Thermal contact resistance is defined as the ratio between this temperature drop and the average heat flow across the interface. [1]
The bearing surface describes the contact area between two objects used as datum. It is often the underside of a screw head (male seat, marked A) or a flat at the end of the screw thread (female seat, marked B). A bearing surface in mechanical engineering is the area of contact between two objects.
If a preloaded system is used the force between the cylinder shaft and piston head is initially the piston head retainer preload value. Once pressure has applied this force will reduce. The piston head and cylinder shaft shoulder will remain in contact unless the applied pressure multiplied by the piston head area exceeds the preload.
The bearing has inner and outer races between which balls roll. Each race features a groove usually shaped so the ball fits slightly loose. Thus, in principle, the ball contacts each race across a very narrow area. However, a load on an infinitely small point would cause infinitely high contact pressure.