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The upper bound for the density of a strictly jammed sphere packing with any set of radii is 1 – an example of such a packing of spheres is the Apollonian sphere packing. The lower bound for such a sphere packing is 0 – an example is the Dionysian sphere packing. [27]
[1] [2] Highest density is known only for 1, 2, 3, 8, and 24 dimensions. [3] Many crystal structures are based on a close-packing of a single kind of atom, or a close-packing of large ions with smaller ions filling the spaces between them. The cubic and hexagonal arrangements are very close to one another in energy, and it may be difficult to ...
Sphere packing in a sphere is a three-dimensional packing problem with the objective of packing a given number of ... Packing density Optimality Arrangement Diagram ...
The associated packing density, η, of an arrangement is the proportion of the surface covered by the circles. Generalisations can be made to higher dimensions – this is called sphere packing, which usually deals only with identical spheres.
Random close packing (RCP) of spheres is an empirical parameter used to characterize the maximum volume fraction of solid objects obtained when they are packed randomly. For example, when a solid container is filled with grain, shaking the container will reduce the volume taken up by the objects, thus allowing more grain to be added to the container.
The higher the packing density, the less empty space there is in the packing and thus the smaller the volume of the hull (in comparison to other packings with the same number and size of spheres). To pack the spheres efficiently, it might be asked which packing has the highest possible density.
However, the optimal sphere packing question in dimensions other than 1, 2, 3, 8, and 24 is still open. Ulam's packing conjecture It is unknown whether there is a convex solid whose optimal packing density is lower than that of the sphere.
The hexagonal packing of circles on a 2-dimensional Euclidean plane. These problems are mathematically distinct from the ideas in the circle packing theorem.The related circle packing problem deals with packing circles, possibly of different sizes, on a surface, for instance the plane or a sphere.