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Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (specifically the ALDH2 enzyme [3]), causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately following alcohol consumption.
This study rated alcohol the most harmful drug overall, and the only drug more harmful to others than to the users themselves. [ 4 ] Alcohol withdrawal syndrome ( AWS ) is a set of symptoms that can occur following a reduction in alcohol use after a period of excessive use. [ 1 ]
Reinstatement of dependence after a period of abstinence. [2] Each item is scored on a 4-point scale, giving a possible range of 0 to 60. A score of over 30 indicates severe alcohol dependence. [3] Some local clinical guidelines use the SADQ to predict the levels of medication needed during alcohol detoxification. [4]
Alcohol dependence refers to an entity in which only alcohol is the involved addictive agent. Alcoholism refers to an entity in which alcohol or any cross-tolerant addictive agent is involved. In alcohol dependence, reduction of alcohol, as defined within DSM-IV, can be attained by learning to control the use of alcohol.
The drug was approved by the FDA for the oral treatment of opioid dependence in 1984, with the brand name Trexan, and for the oral treatment of alcohol dependence in 1995, when the brand name was changed by DuPont to Revia.
The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. The complete list of Schedule II substances is as follows.