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  2. Seven heavens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Heavens

    The concept of seven heavens as developed in ancient Mesopotamia where it took on a symbolic or magical meaning as opposed to a literal one. [4] The concept of a seven-tiered was likely In the Sumerian language, the words for heavens (or sky) and Earth are An and Ki. [5]

  3. Ogdoad (Gnosticism) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogdoad_(Gnosticism)

    The planetary spheres were thought to be planes of existence in between the Earth and the heavenly regions. The ancient astronomy taught that above the seven planetary spheres was an eighth, the sphere of the fixed stars (Clem. Alex. Strom. iv.

  4. Trailokya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailokya

    The concept of three worlds has a number of different interpretations in Hindu cosmology. Traditionally, the three worlds refer to either the earth , heaven , and hell , [5] or the earth (Bhuloka), heaven (Svarga), and the netherworld . [6]

  5. Dynamics of the celestial spheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamics_of_the_celestial...

    Ancient, medieval and Renaissance astronomers and philosophers developed many different theories about the dynamics of the celestial spheres. They explained the motions of the various nested spheres in terms of the materials of which they were made, external movers such as celestial intelligences, and internal movers such as motive souls or ...

  6. Svarga - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarga

    The sacrifices that one performs are stated to journey directly to heaven, and are stored to await the sacrificer on his arrival. One hymn describes Svarga to be a realm that contains water-lilies and lotuses, lakes of butter with banks of honey, along with streams flowing with a number of foods such as wine, milk, curds, and water.

  7. Astral plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astral_plane

    Plato and Aristotle taught that the stars were composed of a type of matter different from the four earthly (classical) elements – a fifth, ethereal element or quintessence. In the "astral mysticism" of the classical world the human psyche was composed of the same material, thus accounting for the influence of the stars upon human affairs.

  8. Sublunary sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublunary_sphere

    The seven heavens and the sublunar spheres, from an engraving of Albertus Magnus' Philosophia naturalis.. Plato and Aristotle helped to formulate the original theory of a sublunary sphere in antiquity, [4] [missing long citation] the idea usually going hand in hand with geocentrism and the concept of a spherical Earth.

  9. Urdhva lokas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdhva_lokas

    Bhuloka or Earth where humans live. The sphere of the Earth or Bhuloka (‘Bhu’ means ‘Earth’ and ‘loka’ means the surface of the Earth), comprehending its oceans, mountains, and rivers, extends as far as it is illuminated by the rays of the Sun and Moon; and to the same extent, both in diameter and circumference, the sphere of the sky (Bhuvaloka) spreads above it (as far upwards as ...