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An object approaching a black hole with an intermediate velocity (not slow enough to spiral into the hole and not fast enough to escape) enters a complex orbit pattern, bounded by a near and far distance to the hole and tracing an oscillating pattern known as a hypotrochoid.
A main goal of precision spectroscopy of a two-level atom is to measure the absorption frequency between the ground state |↓ and excited state |↑ of the atom. One way to accomplish this measurement is to apply an external oscillating electromagnetic field at frequency and then find the difference (also known as the detuning) between and (=) by measuring the probability to transfer |↓ to ...
An osculating circle Osculating circles of the Archimedean spiral, nested by the Tait–Kneser theorem. "The spiral itself is not drawn: we see it as the locus of points where the circles are especially close to each other."
The angle χ is also significant in that the latitude (angle from the equator) of the polarization state as represented on the Poincaré sphere (see below) is equal to ±2χ. The special cases of linear and circular polarization correspond to an ellipticity ε of infinity and unity (or χ of zero and 45°) respectively.
The simplest mechanical oscillating system is a weight attached to a linear spring subject to only weight and tension. Such a system may be approximated on an air table or ice surface. The system is in an equilibrium state when the spring is static.
Osculating orbit (inner, black) and perturbed orbit (red) In astronomy, and in particular in astrodynamics, the osculating orbit of an object in space at a given moment in time is the gravitational Kepler orbit (i.e. an elliptic or other conic one) that it would have around its central body if perturbations were absent. [1]
The relativistic velocity space in Minkowski spacetime can be treated as a sphere S 3 in 4-dimensional Euclidean space with imaginary radius and imaginary timelike coordinate. Parallel transport of polarization vectors along such sphere gives rise to Thomas precession , which is analogous to the rotation of the swing plane of Foucault pendulum ...
In dimensional analysis, the Strouhal number (St, or sometimes Sr to avoid the conflict with the Stanton number) is a dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms. The parameter is named after Vincenc Strouhal , a Czech physicist who experimented in 1878 with wires experiencing vortex shedding and singing in the wind.