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Curwen's Solfege hand signs, including "mental effects" for each tone. Curwen's system was designed to aid in sight reading of the stave with its lines and spaces. He adapted it from a number of earlier musical systems, including the Norwich Sol-fa method of Sarah Ann Glover (1785–1867) of Norwich.
Depiction of Curwen's Solfege hand signs. This version includes the tonal tendencies and interesting titles for each tone. Hand signs, also borrowed from the teachings of Curwen, are performed during singing exercises to provide a visual aid. [2]: 156 This technique assigns to each scale degree a hand sign that shows its particular tonal function.
Solfège table in an Irish classroom. Tonic sol-fa (or tonic sol-fah) is a pedagogical technique for teaching sight-singing, invented by Sarah Anna Glover (1786–1867) of Norwich, England and popularised by John Curwen, who adapted it from a number of earlier musical systems.
Italian "solfeggio" and English/French "solfège" derive from the names of two of the syllables used: sol and fa.[2] [3]The generic term "solmization", referring to any system of denoting pitches of a musical scale by syllables, including those used in India and Japan as well as solfège, comes from French solmisation, from the Latin solfège syllables sol and mi.
Guidonian hand, from 1274 Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Solmization is a mnemonic system in which a distinct syllable is attributed to each note of a musical scale.Various forms of solmization are in use and have been used throughout the world, but solfège is the most common convention in countries of Western culture.
Depiction of John Curwen's solfège hand signs used in tonic sol-fa. This version includes the tonal tendencies and interesting titles for each tone. impartial and relatively simple; integrated systems (signs, colors, etc.) for most different handicapped people, immediately operative without special learning
These signs have the same meaning as the syllables in movabe-do Solfège. A left semicircle represents the root, a dot the third, and a right semicircle the fifth of a triad. The dominant is indicated above, the subdominant below. This way there are unique signs also for the three tones (ti, re, fa) that are not part of a tonic chord.
The idea of the Guidonian hand is that each portion of the hand represents a specific note within the hexachord system, which spans nearly three octaves from "Γ ut" (that is, "Gamma ut") (the contraction of which is "Gamut", which can refer to the entire span) to "E la" (in other words, from the G at the bottom of the modern bass clef [broken anchor] to the E at the top of the treble clef ...