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It is effectively an agreement of words with the sense, instead of the morphosyntactic form, a type of form-meaning mismatch. [1] Examples: One hundred dollars is the cost of rent. If the band are popular, they will play next month. Here, the plural pronoun they and the plural verb form are co-refer with the singular noun band.
Nouns seem to possess a well defined but covert system of grammatical gender. We may call a noun masculine, feminine or neuter depending on the pronouns which it selects in the singular. Mass or non-count nouns (such as frost, fog, water, love) are called neuter because they select the pronoun it. Count nouns divide into masculine and feminine.
Noun class 1 refers to mass nouns, collective nouns, and abstract nouns. examples: вода 'water', любовь 'love' Noun class 2 refers to items with which the eye can focus on and must be non-active examples: дом 'house', школа 'school' Noun class 3 refers to non-humans that are active. examples: рыба 'fish', чайка 'seagull'
Grammatical gender manifests itself when words related to a noun like determiners, pronouns or adjectives change their form according to the gender of noun they refer to (agreement). The parts of speech affected by gender agreement, the circumstances in which it occurs, and the way words are marked for gender vary between languages.
During the 19th century, attempts to overlay Latin grammar rules onto English required the use of feminine endings in nouns ending with -ess. [12] This produced words like doctress and professoress and even lawyeress , [ 12 ] all of which have fallen out of use; though waitress , stewardess , and actress are in modern use.
In linguistics, agreement or concord (abbreviated agr) occurs when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates. [1] It is an instance of inflection, and usually involves making the value of some grammatical category (such as gender or person) "agree" between varied words or parts of the sentence.