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The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, also known as the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Latin: Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini; Italian: Tempio di Giove Ottimo Massimo; lit. ' Temple of Jupiter , the Best and Greatest ' ), was the most important temple in Ancient Rome , located on the Capitoline Hill .
Cultic activity had long taken place at the site; the temple presumably replaced an earlier one, possibly using the same foundation. [a] It was the biggest temple dedicated to Jupiter Optimus Maxiums Heliopolitanus in all the Roman Empire. The columns were 19.9 meters high with a diameter of nearly 2.5 meters: the biggest in the classical world.
The temple was believed to have been built under the reign of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last King of Rome prior to the establishment of the Roman Republic. Although the temple was shared by Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, each deity had a separate cella, with Juno Regina on the left, Minerva on the right, and Jupiter Optimus Maximus in the middle.
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter Best and Greatest), on the Capitoline Hill so also known as the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus; the most important temple in Rome Temple of Jupiter Stator (8th century BC) (Jupiter the Unmoving), in the Roman Forum ; destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome
Jupiter Optimus Maximus Heliopolitanus (IOMH, also Jupiter Heliopolitanus) was a syncretic supreme god venerated in the great temple of Baalbek, in modern-day Lebanon.The cult of Jupiter Heliopolitanus evolved from the ancient Canaanite religion, particularly the worship of the storm and fertility god Baal-Hadad.
The abbreviation O.M. stands for Optimus Maximus, one of the most common epithets for Jupiter. Temple of Jupiter Anxur in Terracina. Adventus O. M. (arrival, birth) Aetetus O. M. Almus; Amaranus; Anxurus ("of Anxur, now Terracina") Appenninus ("of the Apennines") Arcanus (protector of the arca, arcane: at Praeneste) Balmarcodes O. M. Beellefarus
The first capitolium was on the Capitoline Hill in Rome and was considered the centre of the city, where it meant the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus and afterwards the Latin word was used for the whole hill. [1] The earliest known example outside of Italy was at Emporion (now Empúries, Spain). [2] Examples of capitolia are: Capitolium Vetus ...
The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill was thought to have been built over a shrine to Terminus, and he was occasionally identified as an aspect of Jupiter under the name "Jupiter Terminalis".