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The reaction is a two-stage process, in which first the alkene is reacted with dichlorocarbene or dibromocarbene to form a dihalocyclopropane. This intermediate is then reacted with a reducing metal, such as sodium or magnesium, or with an organolithium reagent .
The Wittig reaction involves reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a Wittig reagent (or phosphorane) of the type Ph 3 P=CHR to produce an alkene and Ph 3 P=O. The Wittig reagent is itself prepared easily from triphenylphosphine and an alkyl halide.
The periselectivity of a particular reaction depends on the structure of both the ketene and the substrate. Although the reaction is predominantly used to form four-membered rings, a limited number of substrates undergo [3+2] or [4+2] reactions with ketenes. Examples of all three modes of cycloaddition are discussed in this section.
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The radicals formed from alkenyl peroxides can be utilized in organic radical reactions. For example, they can mediate hydrogen atom abstraction reactions and thus lead to the functionalization of C-H bonds, [7] or they can be used to introduce ketone residues by addition of the alkenyloxyl radicals to alkenes. [8] [9] [10]
The Woodward cis-hydroxylation (also known as the Woodward reaction) is the chemical reaction of alkenes with iodine and silver acetate in wet acetic acid to form cis-diols. [1] [2] (conversion of olefin into cis-diol) The reaction is named after its discoverer, Robert Burns Woodward. The Woodward cis-hydroxylation
Oxidative carbonylation, using palladium-based catalysts, allows certain alkenes to be converted into homologated esters: 2 RCH=CH 2 + 2 CO + O 2 + 2 MeOH → 2 RCH=CHCO 2 Me + 2 H 2 O. Such reactions are assumed to proceed by the insertion of the alkene into the Pd(II)-CO 2 Me bond of a metallacarboxylic ester followed by beta-hydride ...
Propylene resembles other alkenes in that it undergoes electrophilic addition reactions relatively easily at room temperature. The relative weakness of its double bond explains its tendency to react with substances that can achieve this transformation. Alkene reactions include: Polymerization and oligomerization; Oxidation; Halogenation ...