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The Mesothelae are a suborder of spiders (order Araneae). As of April 2024 [update] , two extant families were accepted by the World Spider Catalog , Liphistiidae and Heptathelidae . Alternatively, the Heptathelidae can be treated as a subfamily of a more broadly circumscribed Liphistiidae.
The family Liphistiidae was erected by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869 for the genus Liphistius.Initially, it was the only family placed in the suborder Mesothelae. In 1923, Kyukichi Kishida described a new genus, Heptathela, and suggested creating two tribes within the Liphistiidae corresponding to the genera Liphistius and Heptathela. [4]
Spiders have developed several different respiratory anatomies, based on book lungs, a tracheal system, or both. Mygalomorph and Mesothelae spiders have two pairs of book lungs filled with haemolymph, where openings on the ventral surface of the abdomen allow air to enter and diffuse oxygen.
Heptathelidae is a family of spiders. [1] It has been sunk within the family Liphistiidae as the subfamily Heptathelinae, [2] but as of April 2024 was accepted by the World Spider Catalog. [1] It is placed in suborder Mesothelae, which contains the most basal living spiders.
Spiders in the suborder Mesothelae belong to the order Araneae (Spiders). Subcategories. This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. G.
In primitive spiders, such as the Mesothelae and the Mygalomorphae, two pairs of coxal glands open onto the posterior side of the first and third coxae. They release a fluid only during feeding and play an important role in ion and water balance. [ 16 ]
At the very top level, there is broad agreement on the phylogeny and hence classification of spiders, which is summarized in the cladogram below. The three main clades into which spiders are divided are shown in bold; as of 2015, they are usually treated as one suborder, Mesothelae, and two infraorders, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae, grouped into the suborder Opisthothelae.
Most of these early segmented fossil spiders from the Coal Measures of Europe and North America probably belonged to the Mesothelae, or something very similar, a group of spiders with the spinnerets placed underneath the middle of the abdomen, rather than at the end as in modern spiders. They were probably ground-dwelling predators, living in ...