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[30] [31] [32] Cardiac arrest survival-to-hospital-discharge, as of 2020, is around 10%. [33] Common long term complications of cardiac arrest and subsequent PCAS include: anxiety, depression, PTSD , fatigue, post–intensive care syndrome , muscle weakness, persistent chest pain, myoclonus, seizures, movement disorders and risk of re-arrest.
Prognosis is typically assessed 72 hours or more after cardiac arrest. [145] Rates of survival are better in those who had someone witness their collapse, received bystander CPR, and/or had either V-fib or V-tach when assessed. [146] Survival among those with V-fib or V-tach is 15 to 23%. [146]
A retrospective study of the use of hypothermia for cardiac arrest patients showed favorable neurological outcome and survival. [52] Osborn waves on electrocardiogram are frequent during TTM after cardiac arrest, particularly in patients treated with 33 °C. [53]
Yet there are cases of patients regaining consciousness during CPR while still in full cardiac arrest. [26] In absence of cerebral function monitoring or frank return to consciousness, the neurological status of patients undergoing CPR is intrinsically uncertain. It is somewhere between the state of clinical death and a normal functioning state.
Patients with sustained ROSC generally present with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). Longer time-to-ROSC is associated with a worse presentation of PCAS. [9] Lazarus phenomenon is the rare spontaneous return of circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts have stopped in someone with cardiac arrest. This phenomenon most ...
Traumatic cardiac arrest can occur in patients following any severe blunt or penetrating injury to the chest. Following the traumatic event, the heart ceases to pump blood through the body. Unlike medical cardiac arrest, there are several potentially reversible causes that may result in cardiac arrest in the setting of trauma.
Preserving brainstem activity with agonal breathing correlates with better neurological outcomes for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. [7] The presence of agonal respirations in these cases indicates a more favorable prognosis than in cases of cardiac arrest without agonal respirations.
According to the American Heart Association, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest can affect more than 300,000 people in the United States each year. [5] Three minutes after the onset of cardiac arrest, a lack of blood flow starts to damage the brain, and 10 minutes after, the chances of survival are low. [6]