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An equine melanoma is a tumor that results from the abnormal growth of melanocytes in horses. Unlike in humans, melanomas in horses are not thought to be caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. [1] Melanomas are the third most common type of skin cancer in horses, with sarcoids being the first most prevalent and squamous-cell carcinoma being ...
Piebaldism has been documented to occur in all races, and is found in nearly every species of mammal. The condition is very common in mice, rabbits, dogs, sheep, deer, cattle and horses—where selective breeding has increased the incidence of the mutation—but occurs among chimpanzees and other primates only as rarely as among humans.
[5] [7] [9] The term "frame" describes the effect of viewing a frame-patterned horse from the side: the white markings appear to be "framed" by a dark-colored border. [7] To date, animals which are heterozygous carriers do not exhibit health concerns associated with carrier-only status.
Gray horses over 6-years-old are especially prone to developing melanoma. [24] The prevalence of melanoma in gray horses over 15 years old [25] has been estimated at 80%. [19] One survey of Camargue-type horses found an overall population prevalence of 31.4%, with prevalence increasing to 67% in horses over 15 years old. [26]
[4] [11] Symptoms may be absent or related to the tumor's growth and location. Similar to optic melanocytomas, the main concerns include growth, recurrence, and malignant transformation. Meningeal melanocytomas account for 0.06-0.1% of brain tumors. [12]
Plants can cause reactions ranging from laminitis (found in horses bedded on shavings from black walnut trees), anemia, kidney disease and kidney failure (from eating the wilted leaves of red maples), to cyanide poisoning (from the ingestion of plant matter from members of the genus Prunus) and other symptoms.
Nevus of Ota (congenital melanosis bulbi, melanosis bulborum and aberrant dermal melanocytosis, nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris, oculodermal melanocytosis, oculomucodermal melanocytosis) Nevus spilus (speckled lentiginous nevus, zosteriform lentiginous nevus) Partial unilateral lentiginosis (segmental lentiginosis) Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
A Mongolian spot, also known as slate grey nevus or congenital dermal melanocytosis, is a benign, flat, congenital birthmark with wavy borders and an irregular shape. In 1883, it was described and named after Mongolians by Erwin Bälz, a German anthropologist based in Japan, who erroneously believed it to be most prevalent among his Mongolian patients.