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The tendons of both of these muscles cross as they reach their distal attachments. In other words, the flexor hallucis longus arises laterally, while the flexor digitorum longus arises medially. The amount of flexion is very considerable, but extension is limited by the plantar and collateral ligaments.
They are condyloid joints, meaning that an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) comes close to a shallow cavity (of the proximal phalanges). The region of skin directly below the joints forms the ball of the foot. The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral.
The MTP joint of the first toe differs from those of the other toes in that other muscles act on the joint, and in the presence of two sesamoid bones. The plantar plate is firm but flexible fibrocartilage with a composition similar to that found in the menisci of the knee (composed roughly of 75% type-I collagen ), and can thus withstand ...
The plantar fascia is the thick central portion of the fascia investing the plantar muscles. It extends between the medial process of the tuber calcanei [1] and the proximal phalanges of [citation needed] the toes. It provides some attachment to the flexor muscles of the toes. [1]
The two heads of each muscle form a central tendon which passes forwards deep to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament. [1] The tendons are inserted on the bases of the second, third, and fourth proximal phalanges [2] and into the aponeurosis of the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus [3] without attaching to the extensor hoods of the toes.
The arch is further supported by the plantar aponeurosis, by the small muscles in the sole of the foot (short muscles of the big toe), by the tendons of the tibialis anterior and posterior and fibularis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and by the ligaments of all the articulations involved. [1]
The function of the muscle is to move the third toe medially and move the toes together. [2] The horizontal head of the adductor hallucis also originates from the lateral side of the metacarpophalangeal joint and from the deep transverse metatarsal ligament, [2] a narrow band which runs across and connects together the heads of all the ...
Proximal phalanges and extensor tendons of the 4 lateral toes: Artery: Medial and lateral plantar arteries: Nerve: Medial and lateral plantar nerves (S3) Actions: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joints, extends interphalangeal joints: Identifiers; Latin: musculus lumbricalis pedis: TA98: A04.7.02.069: TA2: 2685: FMA: 37453: Anatomical terms of muscle