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Flowchart of using successive subtractions to find the greatest common divisor of number r and s. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈ æ l ɡ ə r ɪ ð əm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [1]
Copeland's method (voting systems) Crank–Nicolson method (numerical analysis) D'Hondt method (voting systems) D21 – Janeček method (voting system) Discrete element method (numerical analysis) Domain decomposition method (numerical analysis) Epidemiological methods; Euler's forward method; Explicit and implicit methods (numerical analysis)
Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation (as opposed to symbolic manipulations) for the problems of mathematical analysis (as distinguished from discrete mathematics). It is the study of numerical methods that attempt to find approximate solutions of problems rather than the exact ones.
Euler method — the most basic method for solving an ODE; Explicit and implicit methods — implicit methods need to solve an equation at every step; Backward Euler method — implicit variant of the Euler method; Trapezoidal rule — second-order implicit method; Runge–Kutta methods — one of the two main classes of methods for initial ...
First, you have to understand the problem. [2] After understanding, make a plan. [3] Carry out the plan. [4] Look back on your work. [5] How could it be better? If this technique fails, Pólya advises: [6] "If you cannot solve the proposed problem, try to solve first some related problem. Could you imagine a more accessible related problem?"
This is a list of some of the more commonly known problems that are NP-complete when expressed as decision problems. As there are thousands of such problems known, this list is in no way comprehensive. Many problems of this type can be found in Garey & Johnson (1979).
Archimedes used the method of exhaustion to compute the area inside a circle by finding the area of regular polygons with more and more sides. This was an early but informal example of a limit, one of the most basic concepts in mathematical analysis.
However, some problems have distinct optimal solutions; for example, the problem of finding a feasible solution to a system of linear inequalities is a linear programming problem in which the objective function is the zero function (i.e., the constant function taking the value zero everywhere).