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Nondualism includes a number of philosophical and spiritual traditions that emphasize the absence of fundamental duality or separation in existence. [1] This viewpoint questions the boundaries conventionally imposed between self and other, mind and body, observer and observed, [2] and other dichotomies that shape our perception of reality.
According toNakamura, the non-duality of atman and Brahman "is a famous characteristic of Sankara's thought, but it was already taught by Sundarapandya" [172] (c.600 CE or earlier). [173] Shankara cites Sundarapandya in his comments to Brahma Sutra verse I.1.4:
According to Dvaita (dualism), the Jīvātman is totally and always different from Brahman / Īśvara. [44] According to Shuddhadvaita (pure non-dualism), the Jīvātman and Brahman are identical; both, along with the changing empirically observed universe being Krishna. [45] Epistemology in Dvaita and Vishishtadvaita Vedanta.
It is a sub-school of Vedanta, and asserts spiritual and universal non-dualism. [114] [115] Its metaphysics is a form of absolute monism, that is all ultimate reality is interconnected oneness. [116] [117] This is the oldest and most widely acknowledged Vedantic school.
Dualism in Indian philosophy is a belief, or large spectrum of beliefs, held by certain schools of Indian philosophy that reality is fundamentally composed of two parts or two types of existence. This mainly takes the form of either mind-matter dualism, as in some strands of Buddhist philosophy , or consciousness-nonconsciousness dualism in the ...
Dualism is the view that reality is, broadly speaking, made up of two distinct substances or properties: physical substances/properties and mental substances/properties. Neutral monism, in contrast, takes both mind and matter to supervene on a neutral third substance, which is neither mental nor physical.
"Ethical non-monogamy is a big umbrella term that can involve threesomes, going to sex parties, swinging, polyamory and more," explains Engler. Add to this broad list triads , polygamy and even ...
Within the Plum Village Tradition, interbeing is based on Mahayana teaching and is an understanding that there is a deep interconnection between all people, all species, and all things based on non-duality, emptiness, and dependent co-arising (all phenomena arise in dependence upon other phenomena). [10] As such, there is no independent ...