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Williamson defines transaction costs as a cost innate in running an economic system of companies, comprising the total costs of making a transaction, including the cost of planning, deciding, changing plans, resolving disputes, and after-sales. [6] According to Williamson, the determinants of transaction costs are frequency, specificity ...
The cost breakdown analysis is a popular cost reduction strategy and a viable opportunity for businesses. [1][2][3] The price of a product or service is defined as cost plus profit, whereas cost can be broken down further into direct cost and indirect cost. [1] As a business has virtually no influence on indirect cost, a cost reduction oriented ...
Total cost of ownership (TCO) is a financial estimate intended to help buyers and owners determine the direct and indirect costs of a product or service. It is a management accounting concept that can be used in full cost accounting or even ecological economics where it includes social costs. For manufacturing, as TCO is typically compared with ...
The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is the average cost in currency per energy unit, for example, EUR per kilowatt-hour or AUD per megawatt-hour. [5] The LCOE is an estimation of the cost of production of energy, thus it tells nothing about the price for consumers and is most meaningful from the investor’s point of view.
Accounting. An operating expense (opex) [a] is an ongoing cost for running a product, business, or system. [1] Its counterpart, a capital expenditure (capex), is the cost of developing or providing non-consumable parts for the product or system. For example, the purchase of a photocopier involves capex, and the annual paper, toner, power and ...
t. e. In strategic planning and strategic management, SWOT analysis (also known as the SWOT matrix, TOWS, WOTS, WOTS-UP, and situational analysis) [1] is a decision-making technique that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization or project. SWOT analysis evaluates the strategic position of organizations ...
Operating leverage can also be measured in terms of change in operating income for a given change in sales (revenue).. The Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) can be computed in a number of equivalent ways; one way it is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in Operating Income for a given percentage change in Sales (Brigham 1995, p. 426):
A financial audit is conducted to provide an opinion whether "financial statements" (the information is verified to the extent of reasonable assurance granted) are stated in accordance with specified criteria. Normally, the criteria are international accounting standards, although auditors may conduct audits of financial statements prepared ...