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The endosteum (pl.: endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition , resulting in less cortical thickness.
Located in the main shaft of a long bone (consisting mostly of compact bone), the medullary cavity has walls composed of spongy bone (cancellous bone) and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane . [1] [2] This area is involved in the formation of red blood cells and white blood cells, and the calcium supply for bird eggshells. The area has been ...
The ventricular system is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord from the fourth ventricle, [3] allowing for the flow of CSF to circulate. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] All of the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord are lined with ependyma , a specialised form of epithelium connected by tight junctions that make up the blood ...
The nutrient artery (arteria nutricia, or central artery), usually accompanied by one or two nutrient veins, enters the bone through the nutrient foramen, runs obliquely through the cortex, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the endosteum–the vascular membrane lining the medullary cavity–and give twigs to the adjoining canals.
Fourth ventricle location shown in red (E), pons (B); the floor of the ventricle is to the right, the roof to the left. The fourth ventricle has a roof at its upper (posterior) surface and a floor at its lower (anterior) surface, and side walls formed by the cerebellar peduncles (nerve bundles joining the structure on the posterior side of the ventricle to the structures on the anterior side).
The fossa consists of three parts, superior, intermediate, and inferior: The superior part The superior part is triangular in shape and limited laterally by the superior cerebellar peduncle; its apex, directed upward, is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct; its base is represented by an imaginary line at the level of the upper ends of the superior foveae.
The moderator band (also known as septomarginal trabecula [1]) is a band of cardiac muscle found in the right ventricle of the heart. [2] [3] [4] It is well-marked in sheep and some other animals, including humans. It extends from the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve to the ventricular septum. [2]
Medullary pyramids; Arcuate nucleus; Olivary body. Inferior olivary nucleus; Rostral ventrolateral medulla; Caudal ventrolateral medulla; Solitary nucleus (Nucleus of the solitary tract) Respiratory center-Respiratory groups. Dorsal respiratory group; Ventral respiratory group or Apneustic centre. Pre-Bötzinger complex; Botzinger complex ...