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River surfing is the sport of surfing either standing waves, tidal bores or upstream waves in rivers. Claims for its origins include a 1955 ride of 2.4 km (1.5 mi) along the tidal bore of the River Severn .
At peak flows, standing waves, whitecaps, and whirlpools form at the rapids even in calm weather. The narrows are also the site of Skookumchuck Narrows Provincial Park . Each day, tides force large amounts of seawater through the narrows—760,000,000 m 3 (200 × 10 ^ 9 US gal) of water on a 3 m (9.8 ft) tide.
Rapids cause water aeration of the stream or river, resulting in better water quality. [2] For a rapid to form, a necessary condition is the presence of a gradient, which refers to the river or stream's downward slope. When a river has a larger gradient, the water flows downhill faster. [3] Gradients are typically measured in feet per mile. [4]
The Lachine Rapids feature other two-metre breaks, including a wave further upriver near Lachine, known locally as Big Joe. [2] Corran Addison, an Olympic kayaker and three-time world freestyle kayak champion, was the first to surf the Habitat wave in 2002. His river-surfing school, Imagine Surfboards, has taught 3,500 students since 2005.
The Fraser River is the largest un-dammed whitewater river in North America with an average flow rate of 3,475m3/s. [1] The river has a steep gradient in a 270 kilometre long Fraser Canyon forming major rapids rated up to Class 5. Major named rapids include Hells Gate and the Bridge River Rapids. Due to its high flows, scenic canyon and ...
The international scale of river difficulty is an American system used to rate the difficulty of navigating a stretch of river, or a single (sometimes whitewater) rapid. [1] The scale was created by the American Whitewater Association to evaluate rivers throughout the world, hence international in the title. [ 2 ]
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Boat crossing the rapids, ca. 1890. The first European to see the rapids was Jacques Cartier, who sailed up the St. Lawrence River in 1535, believing he had found the Northwest Passage. In 1611, Samuel de Champlain named the rapids Sault Saint-Louis, after a teenaged crewman named Louis who drowned here; the name later extended to Lac Saint-Louis.