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This period also saw the rise of the state-linked trade union movement. During the military dictatorship (1964-1985), unions were repressed and many union leaders were persecuted, arrested or exiled due to the anti-communism of the government at the time. However, the period also witnessed worker resistance, with strikes and demonstrations.
The union lasted until 1640 after the Portuguese Restoration War. [3] Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez in Madrid, 26 April 2023. In 1834, Spain recognized the independence of Brazil and both nations established diplomatic relations. [4] Spain soon opened a diplomatic legation in Rio de ...
Māori followed certain practices that relate to traditional concepts like tapu.Certain people and objects contain mana – spiritual power or essence. In earlier times, tribal members of a higher rank would not touch objects which belonged to members of a lower rank – to do so would constitute "pollution"; and persons of a lower rank could not touch the belongings of a highborn person ...
Māori cultural history intertwines inextricably with the culture of Polynesia as a whole. The New Zealand archipelago forms the southwestern corner of the Polynesian Triangle, a major part of the Pacific Ocean with three island groups at its corners: the Hawaiian Islands, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), and New Zealand (Aotearoa in te reo Māori). [10]
The best-known and most extensively studied Archaic site, at Wairau Bar in the South Island, [49] shows evidence of occupation from early-13th century to the early-15th century. [50] It is the only known New Zealand archaeological site containing the bones of people who were born elsewhere. [50] Model of a pā (hillfort) built on a headland.
(The Governor says that the several faiths [beliefs] of England, of the Wesleyans, of Rome, and also Māori custom shall alike be protected by him). [71] [72] This addition is sometimes referred to as article four of the treaty, and is recognised as relating to the right to freedom of religion and belief (wairuatanga). [73]
Experts in these subjects were broadly known as tohunga. The rituals , beliefs, and general worldview of Māori society were ultimately based on an elaborate mythology that had been inherited from a Polynesian homeland ( Hawaiki ) and adapted and developed in the new setting. [ 3 ]
The Marshall Islands were claimed by Spain in 1874. Following papal mediation and German compensation of $4.5 million, Spain recognised Germany's claim in 1885, which established a protectorate and set up trading stations on the islands of Jaluit and Ebon to carry out the flourishing copra (dried coconut meat) trade. Marshallese Iroij (high ...