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As opposed to Chappe's system which involved pulleys rotating beams of wood, Edelcrantz's system relied only upon shutters and was therefore faster. [8] However, semaphore as a communication system suffered from the need for skilled operators and expensive towers often at intervals of only ten to thirty kilometers (six to nineteen miles).
Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based communication technology (telecommunication cables). Wired communication is also known as wireline communication . Examples include telephone networks , cable television or internet access , and fiber-optic communication .
A null modem cable is a specially wired cable connected between the serial ports of two devices, with the transmit and receive lines reversed. It is used to connect two devices directly without a modem.
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), or Plain Ordinary Telephone System, [1] is a retronym for voice-grade telephone service that employs analog signal transmission over copper loops. The term POTS originally stood for Post Office Telephone Service , as early telephone lines in many regions were operated directly by local Post Offices .
Concise Microsoft O.S. Timeline – a color-coded concise timeline for various Microsoft operating systems (1981–present) Bitsavers – an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s; A brief history of operating systems
In 1865, the Morse system became the standard for international communication, using a modified form of Morse's code that had been developed for German railways. Electrical telegraphs were used by the emerging railway companies to provide signals for train control systems, minimizing the chances of trains colliding with each other. [ 4 ]
Because of performance differences across the hardware range and delays with software development, a whole family of operating systems was introduced instead of a single OS/360. [12] [13] IBM wound up releasing a series of stop-gaps followed by two longer-lived operating systems: OS/360 for mid-range and large systems.
The wire protocol may be either text-based or a binary protocol. Although an important architectural decision, this is a separate matter from the distinction between wire protocols and programmatic APIs. In electronics, a wire protocol is the mechanism used to transmit data from one point to another. [1]