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A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
It indicates the diameter of smooth-walled hole that a male thread (e.g. on a bolt) will pass through easily to connect to an internally threaded component (e.g. a nut) on the other side. For example, an M6 screw has a nominal outer diameter of 6 millimetres and will therefore be a well-located, co-axial fit in a hole drilled to 6 mm diameter.
Some podgers are fitted with reversible ratchet sockets for tightening/loosening nuts. Often they come with two sizes such as a 17 mm × 19 mm or a 19 mm × 24 mm and a 27 mm × 30 mm. Often a podger has a hole in the wrench shaft that is used to tether the wrench to the person for safety and securing the tool whilst working at heights.
In the modern standard metric version, it is simply a size number, where listed diameter size is the major outer diameter of the external thread. For a taper thread, it is the diameter at the "gauge length" (plus/minus one thread pitch) from the small end of the thread.
A set of metric spanners or wrenches, open at one end and box/ring at the other. These are commonly known as “combination” spanners. A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep them from turning.
Confusion can arise because each Whitworth hexagon was originally one size larger than that of the corresponding BSF fastener. This leads to instances where for example, a spanner marked 7 ⁄ 16 BSF is the same size as one marked 3 ⁄ 8 W. In both cases the spanner jaw width of 0.710 in, the width across the hexagon flat, is the same.