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Diphosphorus tetroxide, or phosphorus tetroxide is an inorganic compound of phosphorus and oxygen. It has the empirical chemical formula P 2 O 4. Solid phosphorus tetroxide (also referred to as phosphorus(III,V)-oxide) consists of variable mixtures of the mixed-valence oxides P 4 O 7, P 4 O 8 and P 4 O 9. [1] [2] [3]
Phosphorus oxide can refer to: Phosphorus pentoxide (phosphorus(V) oxide, phosphoric anhydride), P 2 O 5 Phosphorus trioxide (phosphorus(III) oxide, phosphorous anhydride), P 2 O 3
This combustion gives phosphorus(V) oxide, which consists of P 4 O 10 tetrahedral with oxygen inserted between the phosphorus atoms and at their vertices: P 4 + 5 O 2 → P 4 O 10. The odour of combustion of this form has a characteristic garlic smell. White phosphorus is only slightly soluble in water and can be stored under water.
Phosphoryl chloride (commonly called phosphorus oxychloride) is a colourless liquid with the formula P O Cl 3. It hydrolyses in moist air releasing phosphoric acid and fumes of hydrogen chloride . It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide . [ 4 ]
Phosphorus pentoxide crystallizes in at least four forms or polymorphs.The most familiar one, a metastable form [1] (shown in the figure), comprises molecules of P 4 O 10.Weak van der Waals forces hold these molecules together in a hexagonal lattice (However, in spite of the high symmetry of the molecules, the crystal packing is not a close packing [2]).
Phosphorus forms a wide range of sulfides, where the phosphorus can be in P(V), P(III) or other oxidation states. The three-fold symmetric P 4 S 3 is used in strike-anywhere matches. P 4 S 10 and P 4 O 10 have analogous structures. [48] Mixed oxyhalides and oxyhydrides of phosphorus(III) are almost unknown.
The hydrolysis of phosphorus(V) dihalides also affords the oxide: [9] R 3 PCl 2 + H 2 O → R 3 PO + 2 HCl. A special nonoxidative route is applicable secondary phosphine oxides, which arise by the hydrolysis of the chlorophosphine. An example is the hydrolysis of chlorodiphenylphosphine to give diphenylphosphine oxide: Ph 2 PCl + H 2 O → Ph ...
Phosphorus comprises 0.65 parts per million of soil and 15 to 60 parts per billion of seawater. There are 200 Mt of accessible phosphates on earth. Phosphorus makes up 1.1% of a typical human by weight. [14] Phosphorus occurs in minerals of the apatite family, which are the main components of the phosphate rocks.