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The Quran, [c] also romanized Qur'an or Koran, [d] is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God . It is organized in 114 chapters ( surah , pl. suwer ) which consist of individual verses ( āyah ).
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, [9] the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
According to the Muslim belief and Islamic scholarly accounts, the revelation of the Quran to the Islamic prophet Muhammad began in 610 CE when the angel Gabriel (believed to have been sent by God) appeared to Muhammad (a trader in the Western Arabian city of Mecca, which had become a sanctuary for pagan deities and an important trading center) in the cave of Hira.
That the question of the createdness of the Quran is, among other things, a hermeneutical issue is reflected in the variety of arguments and issues that associate with it – whether the Quran or the traditions assert the Quran's createdness, what “created” means, and whether and how this affects the standing of these texts as authoritative ...
In Quran 4:171, Isa is called Rūḥ minhu (Arabic: رُوحٌۭ مِّنْه), meaning 'a Spirit from him' (i.e., from God). [5] The word rūḥ originally meant "breath", "wind". In post-Quranic tradition, rūḥ became equated with nafs, "spirit", but in the Quran itself, it means "a special angel messenger and a special divine quality". [6]
The Quran states that the Torah did have words of wisdom in it, and all subsequent prophets, priest, rabbis and sages in Israel used its Law for guidance for prophets in plural and not only for Moses alone. [2] The Quran mentions that the basic aspects of Islamic law are evident in the earliest scriptures, including that of Moses.
The word surah was used at the time of Muhammad as a term with the meaning of a portion or a set of verses of the Qur'an. This is evidenced by the appearance of the word surah in multiple locations in the Quran such as verse : "a sûrah which We have revealed and made ˹its rulings˺ obligatory, and revealed in it clear commandments so that you may be mindful."
Quran 2 includes many verses which have virtues like the special Verse of the Throne (Aayatul Kursi). Muhammad is reported to have said, "Do not turn your houses into graves. Verily, Satan does not enter the house where Surat Al-Baqarah is recited." [Muslim, Tirmidhi, Musnad Ahmed]