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The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change.
The concentrations of reactants and products in an equilibrium mixture are determined by the analytical concentrations of the reagents (A and B or C and D) and the equilibrium constant, K. The magnitude of the equilibrium constant depends on the Gibbs free energy change for the reaction. [2] So, when the free energy change is large (more than ...
The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".
However, since water is in vast excess, the concentration of water is usually assumed to be constant and is omitted from equilibrium constant expressions. Often, the metal and the ligand are in competition for protons. [note 4] For the equilibrium p M + q L + r H ⇌ M p L q H r. a stability constant can be defined as follows: [28] [29]
Most commonly [OH −] is replaced by K w [H +] −1 in equilibrium constant expressions which would otherwise include hydroxide ion. Solids also do not appear in the equilibrium constant expression, if they are considered to be pure and thus their activities taken to be one. An example is the Boudouard reaction: [14] 2 CO ⇌ CO 2 + C
The value of the equilibrium constant for the formation of a 1:1 complex, such as a host-guest species, may be calculated with a dedicated spreadsheet application, Bindfit: [4] In this case step 2 can be performed with a non-iterative procedure and the pre-programmed routine Solver can be used for step 3.
Donnan equilibrium, the distribution of ion species between two ionic solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary; Dynamic equilibrium, the state in which two reversible processes occur at the same rate; Equilibrium constant, a quantity characterizing a chemical equilibrium in a chemical reaction
The reaction quotient plays a crucial role in understanding the direction and extent of a chemical reaction's progress towards equilibrium: Equilibrium condition: At equilibrium, the reaction quotient (Q) is equal to the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction. This condition is represented as Q = K, indicating that the forward and reverse ...