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Itopride poorly penetrates across the blood brain barrier because of its high polarity and thus itopride does not tend to cause any central nervous system adverse effects. [7] Itopride has no effect on potassium channels. [15] Similarly to other D 2 receptor antagonists, itopride has been found to dose-dependently increase prolactin levels. [6]
Iloperidone is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and mania or mixed episodes in bipolar I disorder. [2] [3] In a 2013 study in a comparison of 15 antipsychotic drugs in effectivity in treating schizophrenic symptoms, iloperidone demonstrated mild effectiveness — as effective as lurasidone, and 13 to 15% less effective than ziprasidone, chlorpromazine, and asenapine. [4]
Zotepine has a high affinity for the D 1 and D 2 receptors. It also affects the 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2C , 5-HT 6 , and 5-HT 7 receptors . [ 10 ] In addition, its active metabolite, norzotepine, serves as a potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor .
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Amisulpride is approved and used at low doses in the treatment of dysthymia and major depressive disorder. [10] [20] [11] [21] [22] [23] Whereas typical doses used in schizophrenia block postsynaptic dopamine D 2-like receptors and reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission, low doses of amisulpride preferentially block presynaptic dopamine D 2 and D 3 autoreceptors and thereby disinhibit dopamine ...
However, it does act as a high affinity antagonist of the histamine H 1 receptor [24] and is a low to moderate affinity antagonist of the dopamine D 2, serotonin 5-HT 2, and α 1-adrenergic receptors. [3] [23] H 1 receptor antagonism accounts for its antihistamine effects and associated sedative side effects.
Raclopride is a typical antipsychotic.It acts as a selective antagonist on D 2 dopamine receptors. [1] It has been used in trials studying Parkinson Disease. [2]Its selectivity to the cerebral D 2 receptors is characterized by its respective K i-values, which are as follows: 1.8, 3.5, 2400 and 18000 nM for D 2, D 3, D 4 and D 1 receptors respectively.
Sulpiride, sold under the brand name Dogmatil among others, is an atypical antipsychotic (although some texts have referred to it as a typical antipsychotic) [10] medication of the benzamide class which is used mainly in the treatment of psychosis associated with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and is sometimes used in low dosage to treat anxiety and mild depression.