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The C-5 was confirmed as NASA's choice for the Apollo program in early 1962, and was named the Saturn V. [31] [32] The C-1 became the Saturn I and C-1B became Saturn IB. [32] Von Braun headed a team at the MSFC to build a vehicle capable of launching a crewed spacecraft to the Moon. [ 33 ]
Saturn V – 13 launches; the Moon rocket that sent Apollo astronauts to the Moon, and carried the Skylab space station into orbit. Built members of the Saturn family A Saturn I ( SA-1 ) liftoff from LC-34
The N1 was the Soviet counterpart to the US Saturn V and was intended to enable crewed travel to the Moon and beyond, [6] with studies beginning as early as 1959. [7] Its first stage, Block A, was the most powerful rocket stage ever flown for over 50 years, with the record standing until Starship's first integrated flight test . [ 8 ]
The S-IVB (pronounced "S-four-B") was the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB launch vehicles. Built by the Douglas Aircraft Company, it had one J-2 rocket engine. For lunar missions it was fired twice: first for Earth orbit insertion after second stage cutoff, and then for translunar injection (TLI).
The engine uses a gas-generator cycle developed in the United States in the late 1950s and was used in the Saturn V rocket in the 1960s and early 1970s. Five F-1 engines were used in the S-IC first stage of each Saturn V, which served as the main launch vehicle of the Apollo program.
The American Saturn MLV family of rockets was proposed in 1965 by NASA as successors to the Saturn V rocket. [69] It would have been able to carry up to 160,880 kg (354,680 lb) to low Earth orbit. The Nova designs were also studied by NASA before the agency chose the Saturn V in the early 1960s [70] Nova was cancelled in 1964 and had reusable ...
A piece of the Apollo 12 mission’s Saturn V rocket, which carried three astronauts on the second crewed moon landing in 1969, baffled scientists in the early 2000s when it came back into Earth ...
S-IC-T was planned as a test rocket only and not to be used in the later Apollo program. The Saturn V rocket was used in the Apollo program to depart Earth's gravity. S-IC-T, like all following Saturn V's S-IC rockets used five Rocketdyne F-1 engines. The Rocketdyne F-1 engine was first tested in March 1959 and delivered to NASA in October 1963.