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[4] [8] Overall, during the Late Pleistocene about 65% of all megafaunal species worldwide became extinct, [9] rising to 72% in North America, 83% in South America and 88% in Australia, [10] with all mammals over 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) becoming extinct in Australia and the Americas, [1] and around 80% globally. [11]
Pleistocene rewilding is the advocacy of the reintroduction of extant Pleistocene megafauna, or the close ecological equivalents of extinct megafauna. [1] It is an extension of the conservation practice of rewilding , which aims to restore functioning, self-sustaining ecosystems through practices that may include species reintroductions.
Over 50 genera (~ 83%) of megafauna in South and North America went extinct during the Pleistocene. [42] most mega mammals (>1000kg) and large mammals (>40kg) went extinct by the end of the Late Pleistocene. [43] During this period there was a major cooling event called the Younger Dryas and the Clovis culture of capturing game became more ...
Arctodus simus went extinct around 12,800 years ago, and is one of the most recently dated megafauna to go extinct in North America, being reliably dated to within the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary (13,800 BP - 11,400 BP). [241] [133] [242] Both local and regionalized dietary flexibility has been a factor suggested for the species' longevity. [87]
Megafauna also play a role in regulating and stabilizing the abundance of smaller animals. During the Pleistocene, megafauna were diverse across the globe, with most continental ecosystems exhibiting similar or greater species richness in megafauna as compared to ecosystems in Africa today.
The Beringian wolf became extinct, and the southern wolves expanded through the shrinking ice sheets to recolonize the northern part of North America. [23] [29] All North American wolves are descended from those that were once isolated south of the ice sheets. However, much of their diversity was later lost during the twentieth century due to ...
The last two genera, Cuvieronius ranging southern North America to western South America, and Notiomastodon ranging over most of South America, continued to exist until the end of the Pleistocene around 12,000 years ago, when they became extinct along with many other megafauna species following the arrival of humans.
North America A transitional form between steppe bison and modern American bison whose more recent remains date to the early Holocene of Valsequillo basin in Puebla, Mexico. However the direct dating to 5271-5131 BCE is not calibrated and the remains could be older. [50] Other remains in North America have been dated to 8640-8500 BCE. [4 ...