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The flame-start system is a cold start aid for starting diesel engines at low ambient temperatures. It reduces the white smoke emission after the engine is started. In addition, it reduces the strain on the starter motor and batteries by shortening the start-up time.
When starting from cold, the engine's combustion efficiency is reduced because the cold engine block draws heat out of the cylinder in the compression stroke. [67] The result is that fuel is not burned fully, resulting in blue and white smoke and lower power outputs until the engine has warmed.
In aircraft gas turbine engines, "exhaust gas temperature" (EGT) is a primary measure of engine health. Typically the EGT is compared with a primary engine power indication called "engine pressure ratio" (EPR). For example: at full power EPR there will be a maximum permitted EGT limit.
Starting fluid is sprayed into the engine intake near the air filter, or into the carburetor bore or a spark plug hole of an engine to get added fuel to the combustion cylinder quickly. Using starting fluid to get the engine running faster avoids wear to starters and fatigue to one's arm with pull start engines, especially on rarely used machines.
Blue smoke from the exhaust suggests that excess oil is entering the combustion chambers (although there are other possible causes than a head gasket leak). White smoke from the exhaust suggests that coolant is entering the combustion chamber. Head gasket leaks are classified as either external or internal.
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A direct start system as used on a marine slow-speed diesel is required to have up to 12 starts on a non-reversing engine or 6 starts on a reversible, or geared, engine. When starting the engine, compressed air is admitted to whichever cylinder has a piston just over top dead center, forcing it downward. [2]