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Algorithmic trading is a method of executing orders using automated pre-programmed trading instructions accounting for variables such as time, price, and volume. [1] This type of trading attempts to leverage the speed and computational resources of computers relative to human traders.
To tackle these issues, FIX Protocol Limited established the Algorithmic Trading Working Group in Q3 2004. [1] The initial focus of the group was to solve the first of these issues, which it did by defining a new group of fields, the StrategyParametersGrp, made up of FIX tags 957 through 960 – these tags were formally introduced with the release of FIX 5.0 in Q4 2006.
The automated trading system determines whether an order should be submitted based on, for example, the current market price of an option and theoretical buy and sell prices. [7] The theoretical buy and sell prices are derived from, among other things, the current market price of the security underlying the option.
The effects of algorithmic and high-frequency trading are the subject of ongoing research. High frequency trading causes regulatory concerns as a contributor to market fragility. [ 56 ] Regulators claim these practices contributed to volatility in the May 6, 2010, Flash Crash [ 62 ] and find that risk controls are much less stringent for faster ...
A TWAP strategy is often used to minimize a large order's impact on the market and result in price improvement. [2] High-volume traders use TWAP to execute their orders over a specific time, so they trade to keep the price close to that which reflects the true market price.
The same algorithm can be used in other situations, for example: [2] suppose there are 7 doctors that are assigned to night-shifts; each doctor is assigned to a night-shift in one day of the week. Some doctors prefer the shifts given to other doctors. The TTC algorithm can be used here to attain a maximal mutually-beneficial exchange.
It was in the US, in the late 1990s, that the first instances of Smart Order Routers appeared: "Once alternative trading systems (ATSes) started to pop up in U.S. cash equities markets … with the introduction of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) Regulation ATS and changes to its order handling rules, smart order routing (SOR) has been a fact of life for global agency ...
In capital markets, low latency is the use of algorithmic trading to react to market events faster than the competition to increase profitability of trades. For example, when executing arbitrage strategies the opportunity to "arb" the market may only present itself for a few milliseconds before parity is achieved. To demonstrate the value that ...