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The California agricultural strikes of 1933 were a series of strikes by mostly Mexican and Filipino agricultural workers throughout the San Joaquin Valley.More than 47,500 workers were involved in the wave of approximately 30 strikes from 1931 to 1941.
The Imperial Valley lettuce strike of 1930 was a strike of workers against lettuce growers of California's Imperial Valley. Beginning on January 1, 1930 Mexican and Filipino workers walked off their jobs at lettuce farms throughout the valley. Complaining of low wages and abysmal working conditions, they vowed to strike until their demands were ...
Carey McWilliams, Factories in the Field: The Story of Migratory Farm Labor in California, first published in 1939 by Little, Brown and Company, New edition, University of California Press (February 21, 2000) ISBN 0520224132; Devra Weber, Dark Sweat, White Gold: California Farm Workers, Cotton, and the New Deal, 1996 ISBN 9780520207103
After passage of the Wagner Act in 1935, the first nationally known union busting agency was Labor Relations Associates of Chicago, Inc. (LRA) founded in 1939 by Nathan Shefferman, who later in 1961 wrote The Man in the Middle, a guide to union busting, and has been considered the 'founding father' of the modern union avoidance industry. [31]
As the 1930s began, the social and economic turmoil created in the United States by the Great Depression on one hand and the Dust Bowl on the other, resulted in an estimated 1.3 million people migrating from the midwest and southwest of the country to California to seek better living conditions. [5]
The AF was “[o]rganized in Fresno on 28 March 1934 by members of the California State Chamber of Commerce and the California Farm Bureau” and the founders considered it as “an emergency organization set up to prevent a recurrence of the strikes of 1933.” [2] Numerous farm organizations including the Grange and the Farm Bureau already ...
Pat Chambers (born John Ernest Williams; 13 September 1901 – 8 May 1990) was an influential labor organizer and Communist Party member in the 1930s in California. He was a key figure in some of the largest California agricultural strikes of 1933. Chambers was the inspiration for the character "Mac" in John Steinbeck's 1936 novel, In Dubious ...
The Great Depression sees a transformation in the ethnic make-up of the migrant farmer. In the past, migrant farmers were almost exclusively immigrants - first from China, then Japan, Mexico, and the Philippines (Steinbeck discusses the treatment of non-white/non-American workers more extensively in Article VI).