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  2. Response bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_bias

    A survey using a Likert style response set. This is one example of a type of survey that can be highly vulnerable to the effects of response bias. Response bias is a general term for a wide range of tendencies for participants to respond inaccurately or falsely to questions.

  3. Recall bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_bias

    Recall bias is of particular concern in retrospective studies that use a case-control design to investigate the etiology of a disease or psychiatric condition. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] For example, in studies of risk factors for breast cancer , women who have had the disease may search their memories more thoroughly than members of the unaffected ...

  4. Acquiescence bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquiescence_bias

    [3] [6] The bias is particularly prevalent in the case of surveys or questionnaires that employ truisms as the stimuli, such as: "It is better to give than to receive" or "Never a lender nor a borrower be". Acquiescence bias can introduce systematic errors that affect the validity of research by confounding attitudes and behaviours with the ...

  5. Participation bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participation_bias

    Self-selection bias is a type of bias in which individuals voluntarily select themselves into a group, thereby potentially biasing the response of that group. Response bias is not the opposite of non-response bias, but instead relates to a possible tendency of respondents to give inaccurate or untruthful answers for various reasons.

  6. Questionnaire construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionnaire_construction

    In the realm of psychological testing and questionnaires, an individual task or question is referred to as a test Item or item. [6] [7] These items serve as fundamental components within questionnaire and psychological tests, often tied to a specific latent psychological construct (see operationalization).

  7. Obama Center subcontractor files $40M discrimination lawsuit ...

    www.aol.com/news/obama-center-subcontractor...

    A Chicago-based subcontractor is suing one of the firms involved in managing the construction of the Obama Presidential Center for $40 million, claiming racial discriminatory practices.

  8. Upjohn Co. v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upjohn_Co._v._United_States

    Case history; Prior: United States v. Upjohn Co., 600 F.2d 1223 (6th Cir. 1979); cert. granted, 445 U.S. 925 (1980). Holding (1) District Court's test, of availability of attorney–client privilege, was objectionable as it restricted availability of privilege to those corporate officers who played “substantial role” in deciding and directing corporation's legal response; (2) where ...

  9. Chicago's response to migrant influx stirs longstanding ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/chicagos-response-migrant...

    Chicago's response to migrant influx stirs longstanding frustrations among Black residents. MATT BROWN. April 19, 2024 at 4:30 PM. CHICAGO (AP) — The closure of Wadsworth Elementary School in ...