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The Mishnah or the Mishna (/ ˈ m ɪ ʃ n ə /; Hebrew: מִשְׁנָה, romanized: mišnā, lit. 'study by repetition', from the verb שנה šānā, "to study and review," also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.
The Babylonian Talmud has Gemara—rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the Mishnah—on thirty-seven masekhtot. The Jerusalem Talmud (Yerushalmi) has Gemara on thirty-nine masekhtot . [ 1 ] The Talmud is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law ( halakha ) and Jewish theology.
The first page (2a) of the Vilna daf edition Babylonian Megillah. Masechet Megillah of the Babylonian Talmud (Gemara) is a commentary of the Amoraim that analyzes and discusses the Mishnayot of the same tractate; however, it does not do so in order: the first chapter of each mirror each other, [7] [8] as do the second chapters, [9] [4] but the Gemara's third chapter reflects the fourth of the ...
The first known English translation of the Mishneh Torah was made in 1832 by Herman Hedwig Bernard, professor of Hebrew at Cambridge University. Bernard's work is titled The Main Principles of the Creed and Ethics of the Jews Exhibited in Selections from the Yad Hachazakah of Maimonides, with A Literal English Translation, Copious Illustrations ...
Berakhot (Hebrew: בְּרָכוֹת, romanized: Brakhot, lit."Blessings") is the first tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud.The tractate discusses the rules of prayers, particularly the Shema and the Amidah, and blessings for various circumstances.
The Mishnah commences with an account of the four beginnings of the religious and the civil year (); it speaks of the four judgement-days of the pilgrim festivals and Rosh ha-Shanah (); of the six months in which the messengers of the Sanhedrin announce the month (); of the two months, the beginnings of which witnesses announce to the Sanhedrin even on the Sabbath (), and even if the moon is ...
The Mishnah Berurah (Hebrew: משנה ברורה "Clear Teaching") is a work of halakha (Jewish law) by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (Poland, 1838–1933, also known as Chofetz Chaim). It is a commentary on Orach Chayim , the first section of the Shulchan Aruch which deals with laws of prayer, synagogue , Shabbat and holidays , summarizing the ...
Seder Zeraim (Hebrew: סדר זרעים, romanized: Sēder Zərāʿim, lit."Order of Seeds") is the first of the six orders, or major divisions, of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and the Talmud, and, apart from the first tractate which concerns the rules for prayers and blessings, primarily deals with the laws of agricultural produce and tithes of the Torah which apply in the Land of Israel, in both ...