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Using contaminated groundwater causes hazards to public health through poisoning or the spread of disease, and the practice of groundwater remediation has been developed to address these issues. Contaminants found in groundwater cover a broad range of physical, inorganic chemical, organic chemical, bacteriological, and radioactive parameters.
In the pollution management sense, hydraulic containment is a technique used to control the movement of contaminated groundwater, preventing the continued expansion of the contaminated zone. It is the first step of pump and treat [1] technology for environmental remediation.
In 1994, analysts estimated that in the U.S. total cleanup costs of groundwater totaled between $500 billion and $1 trillion. [18] Until about 2000, the majority of groundwater remediation was done using "conventional technologies" (e.g., pump-and-treat systems), which have proven costly to meet applicable cleanup standards. [19]
A model from the Air Force Civil Engineering Center from their 2021 Groundwater Plume Booklet illustrates how a so-called "Pump and Treat" system works for treating groundwater contamination.
Jun. 5—CANNON AIR FORCE BASE — Cannon Air Force Base will soon be part of a pilot study and engineering evaluation/cost estimate dealing with groundwater contamination from the "forever ...
However, pump and treat is typically not the best form of remediation. It is expensive to treat the groundwater, and typically is a very slow process to clean up a release with pump and treat. It is best suited to control the hydraulic gradient and keep a release from spreading further.
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