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A critical period refers to a sensitive time during the early years of childhood in which children may be more vulnerable to be affected by environmental stimulation. [1] These traumatic events can include serious illness, natural disasters , family violence , sudden separation from a family member, being the victim of abuse , or suffering the ...
Trauma affects all children differently (see stress in early childhood). Some children who experience trauma develop significant and long-lasting problems, while others may have minimal symptoms and recover more quickly. [56] Studies have found that despite the broad impacts of trauma, children can and do recover with appropriate interventions.
A total of 79.4% of the perpetrators of abused and neglected children are the parents of the victims, and of those 79.4% parents, 61% exclusively neglect their children. [2] The physical, emotional, and cognitive developmental impacts from early childhood neglect can be detrimental, as the effects from the neglect can carry on into adulthood.
Children who have faced trauma encounter more learning challenges in school and higher levels of stress internally. [102] Building literacy skills can be negatively impacted both by the lack of literacy experiences in the home, missing parts of early-childhood education, and by actually altering brain development.
For example, the internal organs are closer in proximity to each other in children than in adults; this places children at higher risk of traumatic injury. [ 1 ] Children present a unique challenge in trauma care because they are so different from adults - anatomically, developmentally, physiologically and emotionally.
Trauma models thus highlight stressful and traumatic factors in early attachment relations and in the development of mature interpersonal relationships. They are often presented as a counterpoint to psychiatric orthodoxy and inform criticisms of mental health research and practice in that it has become too focused on genetics, neurochemistry ...