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Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the Durrani Empire. Durrani Empire: 1747–1823 (Empire); 1793–1863 (Herat); 1839–1842 (Shah Shuja's Kingdom), a Pashtun empire founded by the Pashtun military commander Ahmad Shah Durrani, with its origins in the Durrani dynasty of Afghanistan. Kandahar in modern Afghanistan served as the empire's first capital.
Following Alexander's brief occupation, the successor state of the Seleucid Empire expanded influence on the Pashtuns until 305 BCE when they gave up dominating power to the Indian Maurya Empire as part of an alliance treaty. [159] Some groups from Peshawar and Kandahar believe to be descended from Greeks who arrived with Alexander the Great. [160]
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The Durrani Empire, [b] colloquially known as the Afghan Empire, [c] [9] or the Sadozai Kingdom, [d] [10] was an Afghan empire founded by the Durrani tribe of Pashtuns under Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, which spanned parts of Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent.
Pashtuns are traditionally organised into tribal divisions, and their society is defined by the Pashtunwali, the traditional code by which they live. It is extremely important in the social structure and interactions of the Pashtun tribes. There are more than 350–400 Pashtun tribes making Pashtuns the world's largest segmentary lineage ...
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Abdali were primarily pastoralists, not known for agricultural activities, but some of them were engaged in overland trade.Abdali and Tareen (a Pashtun tribe related to Abdalis) chieftains were patronized by both Safavid and Mughal appointed governors, and asked to patrol travel routes to ensure the safety of merchant caravans passing through Kandahar ...
Additionally, a popular theory of origin that has prevailed in Pashtun folklore since the time of the Mughal Empire asserts that the Pashtun people are descended from the Israelites, an ancient Semitic-speaking people who inhabited Canaan during the Iron Age, through the Ten Lost Tribes of the Twelve Tribes of Israel.
Pashtunistan (Pashto: پښتونستان, lit. 'land of the Pashtuns') [4] or Pakhtunistan is a historical region on the crossroads of Central and South Asia, located on the Iranian Plateau, inhabited by the Pashtun people of southern and eastern Afghanistan [5] and northwestern Pakistan, [6] [7] wherein Pashtun culture, the Pashto language, and identity have been based.