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Baldwin IV (1161–1185), known as the Leper King, was the king of Jerusalem from 1174 until his death in 1185. He was admired by his contemporaries and later historians for his willpower and dedication to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the face of his debilitating leprosy .
Raynald of Châtillon (c. 1124 – 4 July 1187), also known as Reynald, Reginald, or Renaud, was Prince of Antioch—a crusader state in the Middle East—from 1153 to 1160 or 1161, and Lord of Oultrejordain—a large fiefdom in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem—from 1175 until his death, ruling both territories iure uxoris ('by right of wife').
The military order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem originated in a leper hospital founded in the twelfth century by crusaders of the Latin Kingdom. There had been earlier leper hospitals in the East, of which the Knights of St. Lazarus claimed to be the continuation, in order to have the appearance of remote antiquity and to pass as the oldest of all orders.
2 Ayyubid–Crusader War (1177–1187) 3 Third Crusade (1189–1192) Toggle Third Crusade (1189–1192) subsection ... Richard I, King of England. André de Chauvigny ...
Al-Safiya means white and, indeed, the Es-Safi hill is white with the foundations of a Crusader Castle recently found at the top, called Blanchegarde. Ibn al-Athīr, one of the Arab chroniclers, mentions that Saladin intended to lay siege to a Crusader Castle in the area. [11] But Saladin's baggage train had been apparently mired. There is a ...
Internal strife weakened the kingdom during the reigns of the leper Baldwin IV and the unpopular Guy of Lusignan. This facilitated Nur ad-Din's former general, Saladin, to unite Egypt and Syria in the 1180s. Saladin destroyed the crusader army in the Battle of Hattin on 4 July 1187, and occupied almost the whole kingdom during the following months.
The Leper King and his Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-01747-3. Archived from the original on 2 September 2020; Runciman, Steven (1987) [1952]. A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East.
The Crusader army became fragmented, and King Guy set up a royal tent at the southern Horn of Hattin as a rallying point. The battle continued into the afternoon, resulting in heavy losses, especially among infantry and Turcopoles, while few knights were killed and nearly all horses perished.