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The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates. In humans and other primates , differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum .
It also involves another basal ganglia component the substantia nigra, a part of the midbrain. [2] In a resting individual, a specific region of the globus pallidus, the internal globus pallidus (GPi), and a part of the substantia nigra, the pars reticulata (SNpr), send spontaneous inhibitory signals to the ventral lateral nucleus (VL) of the ...
English: Connection diagram of the basal ganglia. Glutamatergic pathways are red, dopaminergic pathways are magenta and GABAergic pathways are blue. GPe = Globus Pallidus external; GPi = Globus Pallidus internal; STN = SubThalamic Nucleus; SNpr = Pars Reticulata portion of Substantia Nigra; SNpc = Pars Compacta portion of Substantia Nigra
The caudate nucleus is one of the structures that make up the corpus striatum, which is part of the basal ganglia in the human brain. [1] Although the caudate nucleus has long been associated with motor processes because of its role in Parkinson's disease, [2] [clarification needed] [3] it also plays important roles in nonmotor functions, such as procedural learning, [4] associative learning ...
The limbic system also interacts with the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia are a set of subcortical structures that direct intentional movements. The basal ganglia are located near the thalamus and hypothalamus. They receive input from the cerebral cortex, which sends outputs to the motor centers in the brain stem. A part of the basal ganglia ...
Basal ganglia. Striatum. Dorsal striatum (a.k.a. neostriatum) Putamen; Caudate nucleus; Ventral striatum. Nucleus accumbens; Olfactory tubercle; Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen) Ventral pallidum; Subthalamic nucleus; Basal forebrain. Anterior perforated substance; Substantia innominata; Nucleus basalis; Diagonal band of ...
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small lens-shaped nucleus in the brain where it is, from a functional point of view, part of the basal ganglia system. In terms of anatomy, it is the major part of the subthalamus. As suggested by its name, the subthalamic nucleus is located ventral to the thalamus.
The basal ganglia are the central site at which decisions are made: the basal ganglia exert a sustained inhibitory control over most of the motor systems in the brain; when this inhibition is released, a motor system is permitted to execute the action it is programmed to carry out.